Smorfia

What it is

The smorfia is a system of dream interpretation originating in Naples, Italy. It assigns specific numbers from one to ninety to common dream images and events. This practice is deeply tied to local superstition and gambling culture. People use the resulting numbers when playing games of chance, hoping to secure a lottery win. The tradition has spread across Italy, though its roots remain firmly in the south.

Where it comes from

The exact origins of the smorfia are uncertain. Some theories suggest the name derives from Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Others point to the Greek word morphos, meaning structure. A sixteenth-century Kabbalist named Israel Saruk is credited with influencing how Neapolitans used the word cabala in relation to this practice.

How it is done

The practice begins with a dream. The dreamer identifies symbols within their vision and matches them to a corresponding number in the smorfia guide. These guides were originally oral traditions but were later written down in books. Early editions often included illustrations to help those who could not read. Modern versions have expanded significantly, containing thousands of entries compared to the original ninety.

Tools and materials

The primary tool is the dream itself, which provides the initial symbols. Interpreters rely on a reference list, traditionally containing ninety numbered interpretations. These lists have evolved from simple oral recitations to illustrated books. The numbers serve as a bridge between the subconscious world of dreams and the structured game of chance.

What it is for

The main purpose is to gain luck in gambling, particularly the lottery. Players believe that betting on numbers derived from their dreams increases their chances of winning. Beyond gambling, the numbers have entered everyday language. They are used as euphemisms for taboo subjects, such as referring to a madman as number twenty-two.

Who does it

This practice is primarily carried out by ordinary households. It requires no special training or initiation. Anyone who dreams can consult the smorfia to find their lucky numbers. The knowledge was historically passed down orally before being codified in print. It remains a popular folk custom among Italians.

Peoples and places

The smorfia is most strongly associated with Naples and the surrounding region. From there, it has become a widespread cultural feature throughout Italy. It influences various aspects of daily life, including games and language. The Spanish painter Pedro Cano even incorporated the ninety symbols into his art depicting Mediterranean cities.

What people believe

The underlying belief is that dreams contain hidden messages about the future. By decoding these messages into numbers, individuals can influence their fortune. It reflects a worldview where the supernatural intersects with daily economic hopes.

When it is done

There are no specific calendar dates for using the smorfia. It is consulted whenever a person experiences a memorable dream. However, it is closely linked to the history of tombola, a home-based lottery game created when official lotteries were banned during religious holidays in the eighteenth century. Tombola uses the same ninety numbers.

Questions people ask about Smorfia

Good reading and sources

• Smorfia on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• Wikidata recordOpen data