Alebrije

What it is

Alebrijes are colorful sculptures of mythical beasts that blend features from different animals. They are a key part of Mexican popular art. The figures range from small carvings to large parade entries. They are not part of traditional religious rituals but are celebrated as artistic creations. Many people believe they can ward off negative energy and protect homes from bad spirits.

Where it comes from

The tradition began in Mexico City in 1936 when artist Pedro Linares fell ill with a fever. He dreamed of a forest filled with strange creatures shouting the word 'alebrije.' After recovering, he built these figures using paper and glue. His work attracted famous artists like Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo. Later, British filmmaker Judith Bronowski introduced Linares to Oaxacan woodcarvers during a workshop in the United States.

How it is done

Artisans create alebrijes by shaping materials into animal forms. Early versions used papier-mâché and cardboard strips glued together. In Oaxaca, craftsmen carve designs from soft copal wood. The pieces are then painted with bright colors and intricate patterns. Each figure is unique, often combining wings, horns, and tails from various species. Families in towns like San Martín Tilcajete work together to meet high demand.

Tools and materials

The primary materials are copal wood for carvings and paper products for earlier styles. Artisans use hand tools to shape the wood and brushes for painting. Some modern makers add feathers, resins, or fantasy stones for texture. The natural grain of the copal tree is valued for its flexibility. Paints bring the creatures to life with vivid hues that stand out against the dark wood.

What it is for

People buy alebrijes for decoration and as cultural souvenirs. They are displayed in homes and galleries across the world. Some owners hold that the figures have spiritual power to cleanse spaces. They are also central to community events like the annual Mexico City Alebrije Parade. The crafts provide income for rural families in Oaxaca who sell them to international tourists.

Who does it

Pedro Linares started the craft as a maker of carnival masks and piñatas. His descendants continue making paper versions in Mexico City. In Oaxaca, Manuel Jiménez pioneered the wood carving style. Today, many families in specific towns specialize in this trade. Workshops operate within homes, with relatives helping each other during busy seasons.

Peoples and places

The craft is deeply rooted in Mexican culture. It began in the capital city before moving to Oaxaca. Oaxacan artisans adapted the designs to their existing woodcarving skills. The style has gained fans in the United States and Canada. Exhibitions in places like California and Colombia have introduced the art to new audiences. The name 'alebrije' is sometimes used loosely for similar crafts outside the original tradition.

What people believe

Some artisans claim the making process involves mysticism. They believe parts of animals represent human traits. The figures are said to scare away evil spirits. This view connects to pre-Hispanic art and Gothic influences like gargoyles. While not tied to a specific religion, the practice respects indigenous and colonial artistic histories. The vibrant colors are thought to bring positive energy.

When it is done

There are no fixed religious dates for creating alebrijes. Production happens year-round based on market demand. The annual Alebrije Parade in Mexico City showcases giant versions. This event celebrates national history and artistic creativity. Families may work long hours to prepare entries for competitions. Sales increase during tourist seasons and holidays.

How scholars and sceptics see it

Researchers study alebrijes as an example of evolving folk art. Anthropologists note how global tourism supports rural economies. Historians trace the shift from paper to wood carving. Critics discuss copyright issues regarding the Linares family's original designs. Legal frameworks in Mexico aim to protect regional craft identities. Scholars also examine the psychological impact of such vivid imagery.

Compare and confuse

Alebrijes differ from traditional Day of the Dead altars. They are not originally part of those customs. Similar fantasy creatures appear in European Gothic art. Pre-Hispanic Mexican art also featured macabre and colorful beings. The term 'alebrije' is distinct from general folk art labels. In Colombia, some called them 'dragoncito' due to lack of familiarity.

Questions people ask about Alebrije

Good reading and sources

• Alebrije on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data