All entries
2,660 entries so far, best known first. 2,250 more are on the list to be written. Narrow by region, kind, purpose, practitioner, belief world, occasion or how alive it is.
RegionSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaEast AsiaCentral Asia and the CaucasusMiddle EastNorth AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaEuropeNorth AmericaLatin America and the CaribbeanOceania
PurposeProtectionHealingSeeing and foretellingLuck and prosperityLove and attractionCursing and harmCleansing and purificationSpeaking with spirits and the deadChange and initiationBinding and oathsPower and authorityWonder and entertainment
WhoShamansFolk healersPriests and ritual specialistsWitches, sorcerers and cunning folkDiviners and readersMediums and the possessedCeremonial magicians and alchemistsHouseholds and ordinary peopleStage magiciansScholars and sceptics
BeliefHindu and TantricBuddhistJainMuslim and SufiJewishChristianSikhZoroastrianShinto and TaoistIndigenous and shamanicAfrican and Afro-diasporicPagan and NeopaganEsoteric and occultFolk and village customSecular and stageOther traditions
🇫🇷 France and 5 moreKardecist SpiritismSpiritisme
A French spiritualist doctrine based on communication with spirits and reincarnation.Tradition · Speaking with spirits and the dead · Protection Living
🇺🇸 United States and 3 moreMediumship
The practice of mediating communication between the living and spirits of the dead.Tradition · Speaking with spirits and the dead Living
🇨🇳 China and 1 moreChinese shamanism巫教 (Wūjiào)
Spirit-mediums of China who dance and trance to carry messages between people and godsTradition · Speaking with spirits and the dead · Seeing and foretelling Living
🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 4 moreSpiritualism
A metaphysical belief that spirits communicate with the living through mediums.Belief · Speaking with spirits and the dead Living
🇻🇳 VietnamChầu vănHát chầu văn
A Vietnamese trance singing art used in deity mediumship ritualsIllusion · Speaking with spirits and the dead Living
Photo credits on this page
The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.
- Ectoplasm: Harvey Metcalfe, Public domain, source
- Kardecist Spiritism: Coprosme, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Fuji: Unknown author, CC BY 4.0, source
- Spiritualism: Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, source
- Ashtar: Evedawn99, Public domain, source
- Rainmaking rites: SJasminum, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Chinese shamanism: No machine-readable author provided. +上帝+ assumed (based on copyright, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Spiritualist church: Jim.henderson, CC0, source
- Séance: Unknown author, Public domain, source
- Tang-ki: Bunkichi Chang, CC BY 2.0, source
- Legio Maria: Comondi, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Lên đồng: Khangoii, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Theyyam: Shagil Kannur, CC BY-SA 4.0, source