Cleromancy

What it is

Cleromancy is a divination practice that uses random methods to determine an outcome. It involves casting lots, rolling dice, or drawing objects. Practitioners believe these random events are not truly random but reveal the will of a deity. This method has been used in many cultures throughout history.

Where it comes from

The term comes from the Greek word for lot. The practice is mentioned in the Bible and described by Roman historians. Ancient Romans used it to tell fortunes. Germanic tribes also used it, as recorded by Tacitus. The practice spread across different regions and cultures.

How it is done

Practitioners use various tools like dice, bones, or shells. In some traditions, oil palm kernels are pounded to create patterns. In others, lots are drawn from a container. The results are interpreted based on established meanings or poems. The process is often done by a priest or family head.

Tools and materials

Tools include dice, bones, shells, and yarrow sticks. In Yoruba tradition, consecrated oil palm kernels and termite dust are used. In Mi'kmaq tradition, bone dice and a counting stick are employed. These items are considered sacred or significant in the ritual.

What it is for

Cleromancy is used to make decisions, find guilty parties, or determine divine favor. It helps communities resolve disputes or choose leaders. Practitioners seek guidance from deities through this method. It is used in times of crisis or important life events.

Who does it

Priests, diviners, and household heads perform cleromancy. In some traditions, only specific individuals can interpret the results. Gender roles vary by culture. Practitioners are often trained in the symbolic meanings of the lots or patterns.

Peoples and places

Cleromancy is found in Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Christian, Yoruba, and Mi'kmaq cultures. Each culture has its own variations and interpretations. The practice adapts to local beliefs and tools while maintaining the core concept of random chance revealing divine will.

What people believe

Practitioners believe that random events are guided by higher powers. The outcome is seen as a message from deities or spirits. This belief system connects chance with destiny and divine intervention. It reflects a worldview where the mundane and spiritual intersect.

When it is done

Cleromancy is performed during crises, decision-making moments, or religious festivals. It is not tied to a specific calendar date but to the needs of the community or individual. Some practices occur daily, while others are reserved for special occasions.

How scholars and sceptics see it

Scholars view cleromancy as a historical divination method. Anthropologists study its role in community decision-making. Historians trace its origins and evolution across cultures. Skeptics attribute it to psychological biases or coincidence.

Compare and confuse

Cleromancy is similar to other divination methods like astrology or tarot. It differs in its reliance on pure chance rather than symbolic interpretation. Other terms like sortition refer to the mechanical aspect of drawing lots.

Law and persecution

In some regions, cleromancy is protected as part of cultural heritage. In others, it may be restricted due to religious laws. Historical persecution of diviners occurred in certain periods. Modern practices are generally tolerated if conducted privately.

Questions people ask about Cleromancy

Good reading and sources

• Encyclopaedia BritannicaArticle

• Cleromancy on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• Wikidata recordOpen data