Spiritual mapping

What it is

Spiritual mapping is a method used by some Christians to identify demonic influence over specific geographic areas. Practitioners hold that territorial spirits control regions, cities, or neighborhoods. The process involves researching local history and using prayer to discern which demons are present. This belief system is part of a broader concept called spiritual warfare. It aims to conquer these spiritual forces through targeted intercession. The goal is often social transformation or the expansion of Christian missions. Scholars describe it as a form of geomancy adapted for Christian theology.

Where it comes from

The movement emerged in the late 1980s within evangelical circles. Its roots lie in the church growth movement and missions work in Argentina. Eduardo Lorenzo and other pastors began using spiritual warfare techniques there. C. Peter Wagner visited Argentina in 1985 and adopted these ideas. He helped formalize the practice in the United States. George Otis coined the term in his 1991 book. The concept draws on biblical stories, such as Daniel battling the prince of Persia. It also incorporates elements of dominion theology and neo-charismatic beliefs.

How it is done

Practitioners research a location's history and spiritual background. They then map out areas believed to be controlled by demons. Lines are drawn on maps to connect these strongholds. These lines are viewed as corridors for demonic activity. Prayer marches and intense intercession are used to attack these points. Prophets may claim visions to identify specific demon names. Some practitioners burn objects they deem occult idols. The process seeks to break spiritual power over a community through collective prayer.

Tools and materials

Maps are central to the practice. Practitioners draw lines between significant locations. These lines represent demonic transit routes. Specific items like statues or books may be burned if deemed idolatrous. Prayer is the primary tool for engagement. Researchers study historical records and local culture. Visions and intuitive impressions guide the identification of spirits. Names of demons like Jezebel or Baal are assigned to regions.

What it is for

The aim is to remove demonic influence from a territory. Practitioners believe this allows for greater evangelistic success. It is used to address perceived social problems like addiction or violence. Some seek to prepare the ground for Christ's return. Others aim to protect communities from witchcraft or evil spirits. The practice is also used to justify aggressive missionary efforts in non-Christian regions.

Who does it

Pastors, missionaries, and prophets lead these efforts. C. Peter Wagner and George Otis were key figures. Cindy Jacobs organized seminars on the topic. Practitioners often belong to New Apostolic Reformation networks. They view themselves as soldiers in a spiritual battle. Training involves learning to discern spirits and interpret visions. Some work with local churches to implement mapping projects.

Peoples and places

The practice originated in Argentina among evangelical groups. It spread to the United States through Wagner and Otis. It has been reported in Kenya and Colombia. In Haiti, practitioners have mapped voodoo influences. The movement appeals to those interested in strategic evangelism. It is common in neo-charismatic and independent charismatic circles. Different cultures adapt the method to their local spiritual contexts.

What people believe

Spiritual mapping assumes an invisible world of spirits interacts with humans. Territorial spirits are seen as powerful entities controlling regions. This worldview resembles animism but attributes power to God. Christians believe they can access divine power to defeat demons. Demons are thought to deceive people and control systems. Cities are viewed as having collective identities influenced by these forces. Prayer is believed to have real effects on spiritual realities.

When it is done

No fixed calendar governs the practice. Activities depend on local needs and prophetic guidance. Prayer marches may occur during specific campaigns. Mapping projects are often ongoing or project-based. There are no universal holy days associated with the method. Timing is determined by the perceived urgency of spiritual battles.

How scholars and sceptics see it

Sociologists classify spiritual mapping as a religious strategy. Sean McCloud compares it to Third Wave geomancy. Charles Kraft notes its similarity to animist worldviews. Critics argue it promotes superstition or fear. Some scholars see it as a modern adaptation of ancient practices. Anthropologists study its impact on local communities. Skeptics question the validity of territorial spirit claims.

Compare and confuse

Spiritual mapping is similar to folk geomancy. It shares features with traditional exorcism rituals. Some compare it to shamanic journeying. The concept of territorial spirits appears in other religions. However, it is distinct in its Christian theological framework. It differs from general prayer by focusing on geographic targeting.

Questions people ask about Spiritual mapping

Good reading and sources

• Spiritual mapping on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• Wikidata recordOpen data