UR Group

What it is

This group operated as an Italian esotericist association focused on the study of Traditionalism and Magic. Its members gathered to explore ascetic practices and share esoteric knowledge. They aimed to revitalize the perennial tradition of ancient sacred mysteries. The circle included individuals from various backgrounds, such as Freemasons, Catholics, and followers of Rudolf Steiner. Despite their different origins, they united under a common intention to pursue spiritual development through rigorous study and practice.

Where it comes from

Julius Evola founded the group around 1927 with the initial goal of influencing Benito Mussolini. He hoped to steer the leader toward an aristocratic regime based on ancient Roman virtues. Other key figures included Arturo Reghini and Giovanni Colazza. Reghini brought neo-Pythagorean influences, while Colazza introduced anthroposophy. The group declared independence from modern esoteric schools, referencing a universal Tradition instead. Internal conflicts soon arose, particularly between Evola and Reghini over Freemasonry, leading to a split and the creation of a new journal.

How it is done

Members employed anthroposophical exercises taught by Rudolf Steiner for spiritual growth. They also utilized techniques derived from Buddhist, Tantric, and rare Hermetic texts. The group published monthly journals named UR and later KRUR. Authors used pseudonyms to maintain anonymity and focus on ideas rather than personal fame. These publications contained hermetic-alchemical texts and philosophical works. The writings were eventually compiled into volumes titled Introduction to Magic as Science of the Self.

Tools and materials

The primary tools were the journals UR and KRUR, which served as platforms for disseminating thought. Members adopted symbolic names to sign their articles, reflecting a concept of active impersonality. Materials included translations of texts like the Turba philosophorum and Gichtel's Theosophia practica. The group relied on written discourse and shared reading of esoteric literature to facilitate their studies and maintain cohesion among diverse participants.

What it is for

The group sought to revitalize ancient sacred mysteries through shared esoteric studies. Members aimed to initiate asceticism and achieve spiritual development. Some founders initially hoped to influence political structures using magical means. Over time, the focus shifted toward pure study and practice. Participants believed in a universal Tradition prior to specific doctrinal forms. Their work emphasized the science of the self and the path of initiatic wisdom.

Who does it

Julius Evola led the group and edited its first magazine. Other notable members included Arturo Reghini, Giovanni Colazza, and Giulio Parise. The circle consisted of approximately twelve to fifteen people. Members came from varied backgrounds, including poets, psychoanalysts, and mountaineers. Many were disciples of Rudolf Steiner or followers of Pythagoreanism. Pseudonyms protected their identities, though researchers have since linked many names to their real identities.

Peoples and places

The UR Group was primarily an Italian phenomenon. It emerged within the intellectual circles of Italy during the late 1920s. Members included Italians from diverse professional fields. The group attracted those interested in cross-cultural esoteric traditions. While rooted in Italy, it engaged with global philosophical currents. The movement reflected a broader interest in traditionalism and magic among European intellectuals of the era.

What people believe

Members adhered to a universal Tradition transcending specific religious forms. Anthroposophy significantly influenced many participants. Some were Catholics, while others followed Hermeticism or Pythagoreanism. They believed in the value of asceticism and spiritual discipline. They viewed magic as a science of the self requiring rigorous study. This worldview integrated elements from Christian esotericism and Eastern philosophies.

When it is done

The group published journals monthly during three specific years: 1927, 1928, and 1929. The first journal was named UR, and the second KRUR. These publications marked the active period of the group's literary output. No specific festivals or calendar days are associated with their rituals. Their activities were structured around the release of their magazines and internal meetings.

How scholars and sceptics see it

Researchers such as Gianfranco de Turris and Renato Del Ponte have investigated the group's membership. Scholars have analyzed the pseudonyms used by members to reveal their identities. Academic work focuses on the group's role in Italian esoteric history. Studies examine the influence of figures like Evola and Reghini on modern traditionalism. Historians note the group's significance in the context of early twentieth-century occultism.

Compare and confuse

The UR Group is related to other traditionalist movements of the time. It shares similarities with groups influenced by René Guénon and Amedeo Rocco Armentano. Unlike some esoteric orders, it remained small and informal. The group's publications overlap with interests in Hermeticism and Neopythagoreanism found in other contemporary Italian circles.

Questions people ask about UR Group

Good reading and sources

• UR Group on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data