The occult revival
A surge of interest in magic, Spiritualism and esotericism in the nineteenth century, with another wave in the 1960s and 1970s.
Also: Victorian occult revival, occultism revival, Golden Dawn
From the 1850s, Spiritualism, Theosophy, Rosicrucian societies and ceremonial orders found followers in Europe and the United States. Éliphas Lévi in France shaped a new Western magic, Helena Blavatsky founded the Theosophical Society in 1875, and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn started in London in 1888, with members including W. B. Yeats. Aleister Crowley and others carried the work forward. Another wave came in the 1960s and 1970s with counterculture interest in astrology, tarot and Wicca. Historians connect the revivals to responses to industrial change, science and the decline of church authority, and they study the roles of women and colonial contacts, especially with India.