I Ching
A Chinese book of 64 six-line figures, used for divination and read as philosophy for about three thousand years.
Also: Yijing, Book of Changes, Zhou Yi, yarrow stalks
The I Ching, or Yijing, is the oldest of the Chinese classics. Its core, the Zhou Yi, is thought to date from the early first millennium BCE and consists of 64 hexagrams, each made of six broken or solid lines, with short judgments on each. Later commentary, the Ten Wings, tradition credits to Confucius, though scholars doubt it. A hexagram is built by a chance process, traditionally by sorting yarrow stalks and now commonly by tossing three coins. Readers consult the text for the situation the figure describes and the changes it points to. The book influenced Chinese philosophy, and in Europe Leibniz saw a likeness between the hexagrams and his binary numbers.